Mixing and bleaching engine.



PATENT-ED APR. 21', 1903.

A. ROMMENEY. MIXING AND BLEAGHING ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

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I UNITED STATES- ATJENT OFFICE.

MIXING AND BLEACHING ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent 0. 725377, dated April 21,1903.

Application filed July 21,1902.

Serial No. 116.403. (N0 model) To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, ALBERT RoMMENEv, a citizen of the Empire of Germany,residing at Muskegon, in the county of Muskegon and State of Michigan,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mixing andBleaching Engines, of which the following is a specification.

In the manufacture of paper, cellulose, and strawboard and in thetextile industries various devices were heretofore proposed for thebleaching of the different materials. One of these devices was a plainwooden paddlewheel which moved the dissolved bleaching substances aroundin an ordinary rag-engine,

or the diluted mass was passed continuously through several tanks inwhich it was placed in contact with the bleaching solution. In all thesecases not only a long time was required for producing the properbleaching, but none of them combined properly the motion of mixing andbleaching in a satisfactory Constructions were therefore devised bywhich the mass was moved quicker and mixed more intimately with thebleaching substances; but all these constructions required considerablepower and propelled the pulp either too quickly or the dimensions of themixing parts were too contracted or other objections to the pulppropelling and mixing mechanisms were found.

Heretofore calcium chlorid was almost exclusively used as the bleachingmedium. It is well known that calcium chlorid itself ex-- erts ableaching action; but this action is much more effective and energeticwhen the same is brought together with an acid. An acid produces theimmediate decomposition of the calcium chlorid, so that the chemicalaction of the bleaching process is a double one. Though the chemicalconstitution of calcium chlorid has not been exactly fixed, the formulaof Balard has been generally accepted, according to which it is composedof a mixture of calcium chlorid and calcium hypochlorite. By the actionof an acid chlorin is liberated from the calcium h'ypochlorite accordingto the formula:

which shows that a direct bleaching action is effected on the substanceto be bleached. Al-

' not been considered.

most simultaneously, however, an oxidation process takes place, as bythe influence of the acid on the calcium chlorid hypochlorous acid isliberated according to the formula:

or forms chlorin with hydrochloric acid according to the formula:

This chlorin forms in stazfu nascend i with the hydrogen of the waterhydrochloric acid and secondarily oxygen so that in both cases by theformation of oxygen that is produced in std-m nascendi a quick oxidationof the dyestuff results. This decomposition is produced by every acid,even by the carbonic acid of the air. This liberated hypochlorous acidis decomposed under formation of hydrochloric acid, while the furtherdecomposition'of the calcium chlorid is produced according to theformulae referred to. In most of the bleaching plants this fundamentalcourse of the bleaching process has It was attempted to produce thedecomposition of the calcium chlorid by adding to the bleaching solutionan acid, and for the sake of cheapness sulfuricacid was used, so as toaccelerate the bleaching action. This, however, was done to some extentto the injury of the substance to be bleached, as even with a sufficientaddition of acid it could not be mixed quickly and intimitely enoughwith the substance to be bleached for producing the chemical combinationwith the calcium chlorid and prevent at the same time any destructiveaction To prevent this, the addition The object of this invention is toovercome the elfect of the bleaching process before used and to furnisha bleaching and mixing engine by which all conditions required of aperfect bleaching and mixing process are completely met and for thispurpose to supply an engine which produces the suction and force part ofthe work simultaneously with the mixing of the pulp without compressingthe same and which at the same time is actuated in such a manner thatpasteboards, &c., are gradually broken up, com minuted, and finallydissolved.

My invention consists, therefore, of a mixing and bleaching machine inwhich the driving power is supplied by a turbine-wheel provided with amultiple of radial wings having circumferential flanges and intermediateflanges between the hub and circumferential flanges, said intermediateflanges being parallel with the circumferential flanges, saidturbine-wheel being placed within the casing that is located in theturbine of the engine,

so that the pulp, with the bleaching substances applied to the same, isforced rapidly through the openings between the wings of the turbinewheel while it simultaneously mixes the bleaching substances.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of ableaching and mixing engine, showing one form of arrangement of myimproved turbine-wheel in the same. Fig. 2 is a plan View showinganother arrangement; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view, drawn on a largerscale, of my improved turbine for bleaching and mixing engines.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

, In the drawings, A represents the tank of myimproved bleaching-engine,which is made of the usual dimensions and construction, and B aturbine-wheel which is provided with a multiple number of radial wingsB, that extend radially from the hub C, said wings increasing in widthfrom the center of the hub toward the outer circumference of the same.At the outer circumference of the wings B are arranged circumferentialflanges d, that are arranged concentrically with the hub and whichproject in the direction of the motion of the pulp. On the wings B arearrangeda number of additional flanges called wingflanges e, which arearranged concentrically with the circumferential flanges d and which,like the same, are made tapering, so as to form transversely-curved ribson the wings B. These wings, with their circumferential and wingflanges, impart the required motion to the pulp and liquid that is to bemixed in the tank and force them through the cell-shaped portions formedbetween the flanges, so as to exert a suction and force action on thepulp, liquids, and gases-such as atmospheric air, carbonic acid,sulfuric acid, &c.-and mix them thoroughly with the pulp to be bleachedand the bleaching liquid in such a manner that but a small percentage ofthe gases can escape, while by the intimate mixture of theformation ofthe chemical combinations is obtained. The flanges have the additionaladvantage that they act mechanically on sheets or boards in the pulp andgradually break up, comminute, and dissolve the same. The entireturbine-wheel is located in a casing that fits closely around itscircumferential flanges, so that none of the mass to be bleached canpass through the circumference of the wheel and the casing. The shaft ofthe turbinewheel is supported in suitable neck-bearings on the tank ofthe bleaching-engine and is rotated by any suitable transmission. Thebleaching liquid is supplied through a supply-pipe that passesdownwardly into the tank and the end of which terminates in theturbine-wheel, as shown in Fig. 1. The direction of motion of the massto be bleached is indicated by arrows in Figs. 1 and 2, the flangedwings of the turbine-wheel acting by their transverse cells that areopen in the direction of the motion of the mass in the nature of a pumpthat produces by the suction action and centrifugal motion imparted tothe mass a propelling motion to the same, which is resisted by theflanges on the wings, so as to force the liquids and gases permanentlyforward while simultaneously mixing the same.

The turbine-Wheel may be made in any size required without impairing itsefiiciency. By its motion it sucks in from the atmosphere a sufficientquantity of air and mixes thereby the carbonic acid contained in the airwith the mass to be bleached, so as to mix it intimately with the sameand to gradually combine chemically therewith. It permits the use oftanks of comparatively large size,which is anothegada antage for thebleaching action. The rc -lsraifiges which are supplied in the liquid orgases formed are similarly sucked in and mixed with the mass to bebleached without permitting the escape of the same into the atmosphere,so that they are utilized to their fullest extent. All bleachingsubstances are introduced through the supplypipe below the coverarranged over the tank above the turbine-wheel and are thus effectivelydrawn in and mixed with the mass, so as to be placed into chemicalcombinatior therewith by the before-mentioned suction and mixing actionof the wheel.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent- 1. The combination, with a mixing and bleachingengine the tank of which is provided with a casing, of a rotaryturbine-wheel the radial wings of which are provided with taperingcircumferential and intermediate flanges, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a mixing and bleaching engine the tank of whichis provided with a casing, of a rotary turbine-wheel the radial wings ofwhich are provided with tapering circumferential and intermediate ltending transi/ersely to the wings, substan- Io flanges, and meanslocated near said tnrbinetially as set forth. wheel for supplying thebleaching substances In testimony that I'elaim the foregoing as to thetank, substantially as set forth. my invention I have signedmy name inpres- 5 3. A turbine-Wheel for mixing and bleachence of two subscribingwitnesses.

in; engines, consisting of radial wings in- ALBERT ROMMENEY. creasing inwidth from the hub toward the Witnesses: circumference and provided withcircumfer- R. PAGENSTECHER,

ential and intermediate tapering flanges ex- E. J. GEDDES.

